Glossary

Additives Ingredients that are added to feed to improve the feed, for instance with respect to shelf life, taste, odour or nutritional value.
Agrifirm Dutch cooperative of farmers and horticulturists with subsidiaries in multiple countries in and outside Europe. Strategic partner of ForFarmers.
Beak trimming The clipping of the beaks of layer hens.
Bedding products Products such as chopped straw, flax or wood shavings that are used as bedding in barns.
Better Life concept Quality label developed by 'Dierenbescherming' (The Dutch Society for the Protection of Animals) in the Netherlands for products that are produced with extra care for animal welfare. The number of stars (1, 2 or 3) indicates the extent to which producers meet the quality requirements.
Blend Mixture consisting of various (unground) raw materials, minerals and pre-mix.
Board The Supervisory Board of ForFarmers N.V.
Broiler parent stock Produce hatching eggs which are delivered to the hatchery where the broiler chicks are born.
Calf breeding The raising of a newborn calf.
Capri concept The ForFarmers approach to feeding goats. It places the focus on optimal use of feed and the best milk production.
Chicken of Tomorrow 2013 agreement between supermarkets and the poultry sector in the Netherlands with the purpose of obtaining a more sustainable range of poultry on Dutch supermarket shelves.
Code of Conduct These are the values, company principles and rules of conduct that apply to everyone who works at ForFarmers. These specify, inter alia, the rules of integrity and responsibilities for both the organisation and the employee.
Company ForFarmers N.V.
Compound feed The collective name for dry animal feeds composed of different ingredients to give them certain properties.
Concentrates A highly concentrated supplementary feed that is diluted at the farm with raw materials available there.
Coöperatie FromFarmers U.A. Coöperatie FromFarmers U.A. is the majority shareholder of ForFarmers N.V.
Co-products Products derived from the manufacturing process of human food, such as brewers' grains, which are used for animal feed.
Corn silage Forage crop that is harvested with a chipper as whole plant and then stored in a silo at the cattle farm. Serves as cattle feed.
Cross-selling Cross-selling: sale of products that are related to a product that a customer has already purchased.
Depositary receipts A depositary receipt is the proof of rights to a share in ForFarmers.
Derogation The European Nitrates Directive specifies that, in all European countries, no more than 170 kg of nitrogen from animal manure may be used per hectare of land. An exception was made to this for several Member States, including the Netherlands, under a range of conditions. Livestock farmers in these countries may use 250kg of nitrogen from animal manure per hectare of feed grassland.

DML DML stands for Dry, Moist and Liquid co-products. See also co-products.
[Dutch] Corporate Governance Code The Corporate Governance Code applies to all companies with a registered office in the Netherlands, whose shares or depositary receipts thereof are admitted to trading on a regulated market or multilateral trading facility within the EU, or a comparable market or trading facility outside the EU.
Employee participation plan ForFarmers introduced an employee share ownership plan in 2015 for permanent staff through which employees could purchase a maximum of € 5,000 of ForFarmers depositary receipts per person at a discount.
Equity on Name A process that has been running since 2006 pursuant to which approximately 82.5% of FromFarmers' equity is registered in the names of members as part of the growth strategy. The last tranche takes place in 2017.
Europe+ Europe and adjacent regions.
Executive Board The executive board of the company (ForFarmers N.V). The Company's statutory management board composed of three members.
Executive Committee ForFarmers' Executive Committee is composed of three members of the Executive Board and the other directors (five in 2016, four as of beginning 2017).
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Feed efficiency Ratio which indicates how many kilos of animal product (milk, meat, eggs) are made from one kilo of feed.
Feed equivalents The key for allocating equity to members. A member that has feed equivalents can use them by acquiring feed or other products. Members receive a credit on their participation account linked to the use of feed equivalents. This credit consists of the right to depositary receipts.
Feed evaluation system Programme with an overview of all of the nutrients per raw material, the degree to which these nutrients are available for the various animals at various ages and the specific nutrient requirements of animals in various phases of life. This data is combined with the available raw materials in order to give the animal exactly those nutrients that it needs in the most (cost) efficient manner.
Feed performance The final result that is achieved from the feed, such as feed intake, growth, milk production, etc.
Feed solutions A supply of feed products that provides for the specific needs of an animal in terms of nutrition.
Feed system The (technical) manner in which the farmer delivers the feed to his animals.
Feed2Milk Feed2Milk is the ForFarmers' approach to feed for dairy cattle. It allows a better assessment of the nutritional value of the feed and as a result, higher milk production, better feed efficiency and healthier animals.
Feed4Foodure Feed4Foodure is a public-private partnership between the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and a consortium of various organisations within animal feed industry and the animal production chain. The research programme aims to contribute to sustainable and healthy livestock farming in the Netherlands, simultaneously strengthening our competitive position on the global market.
Ferment+ A complete concept for fermentation of feed at pig farms. ForFarmers developed the bacterial culture for this and supplies the raw materials and supplements. Weda Holland supplies the equipment and Van Asten Group provides test installations and feed and adapts these to the farms' requirements .
Fermentation Process through which lactic acid bacteria convert (pig) feed into a healthy, tasty mash with high levels of lactic acid, leading to more efficient feed usage, lower feed costs and healthier pigs.

Ferm4Farm Is a feed concept for swine which, by using fermented raw materials, provides for a reduction of the annual feed costs, better gut health and a reduction in the use of antibiotics.
Fertiliser Administration of fertilisers (nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, etc.) to the soil for optimal crop growth. Both animal and chemical fertilisers.
Forage / roughage Unperishable products that are specifically cultivated for livestock feed purposes, such as grass and corn silage.
ForFarmers dealers ForFarmers works in the cattle sector in the Netherlands through regional dealers. These are independent businesses which sell ForFarmers products and advise livestock farmers on various issues, including feed recommendations and business development.
ForFarmers Group The Company along with the legal persons or companies with which the Company has organisational links forming an economic unit as referred to in Article 2:24b of the Dutch Civil Code. Also referred to as the 'Company'.
ForFarmers N.V. also referred to as the 'Company'.
Forza Pré-start Special feed from ForFarmers for broiler chickens. Formulated to meet the specific nutrient needs of broiler chickens during the first days of life.
GMP+ GMP+ FSA (Feed Safety Assurance) is an internationally recognised scheme to certify the safety of animal feed in all links of the animal feed chain, including the companies supplying raw materials.
GRI G4 The Global Reporting Initiative is a guideline for sustainability reporting. The GRI's goal is to make sustainability reporting a "standard practice" for all companies and to bring sustainability reports to the same level as financial ones.
Group The Company along with the legal persons or companies with which the Company has organisational links forming an economic unit as referred to in Article 2:24b of the Dutch Civil Code.
HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points is a risk inventory for foodstuffs. By identifying health risks in processing and preparation processes, and thereby controlling them, the safety of the product is increased.
Horizon 2020 ForFarmers' strategy to further reinforce the organisation, to become the leading feed business in Europe+ and a Total Feed partner for the farmer.
IFFO RS IFFO RS (International Fishmeal and Fishoil Organisation) is a global standard and certification for responsible fishmeal and fish oil.
IFRS The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are an accounting standard for company annual reports. Companies in the EU listed on the stock exchange are required to report in this manner since 1 January 2005.
Integrated feed solutions A combination of feed products, related advice and resources in order to first establish and then achieve the customer's business objectives, and monitor results.
LCA LifeCycle Analysis. Demonstrates the environmental performance of the entire production chain.
Like-for-like Excluding currency effects and the net effect of acquisitions and divestments.
Liquid co-products Liquid products derived from the manufacturing process of human food, such as whey, brewer's yeast or glucose syrup, and which are used as animal feed.
LTI Lost Time Incident. Accidents at work that lead to one day or more of absence from work.
Material aspect A main aspect of the ForFarmers sustainability strategy. It is an indicator for the GRI guidelines.

Materiality analysis Analysis in which it is determined whether a subject is or is not significant to stakeholders of ForFarmers or to ForFarmers itsself. Often used in relation to sustainability.
Micro-ingredients Vitamins, minerals, medicines and other substances used in very small quantities and weighed in milligrams, micrograms or parts-per-million (ppm).
Milk€fficient A programme developed by ForFarmers that combines determining factors of dairy farm results and enables farmers to understand different scenario's how they can improve returns.
NIC ForFarmers' Nutrition Innovation Centre works, inter alia, on improving the technical performance of feed, such as feed efficiency and optimal animal growth, and on developing innovative nutritional solutions to contribute to good animal health. The NIC also focuses on improving the sustainabilisation of our products and of the farming industry as a whole.
NL GAAP NL GAAP (also Dutch GAAP) stands for Dutch Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and is used in order to indicate the system of reporting and accounting principles that is applicable in the Netherlands.
Nutreco International organisation, operating worldwide in the animal feed and fish feed sector. Strategic partner of ForFarmers.
Nutrient requirements A specific animal's need for nutrients such as amino acids, energy, essential fats, vitamins, minerals and trace elements.
Nutrient value Nutritional value, for example, levels of protein, oil, fibre, ash, starch, sugar, calcium, phosphorous, or sodium.
Nutrition Innovation Centre (NIC) Department within ForFarmers responsible for nutrition, research and innovation.
Nutritional matrix Schedule of nutrients and the nutrient requirements of different animals in various phases of life, which forms the basis for the feed solutions that ForFarmers provides.
Nutritional total solutions Total solution offered to cover all livestock feed needs of any type.
Organisation ForFarmers Group. The company headed up by ForFarmers N.V. and/or ForFarmers Group. When 'the Organisation' is referred to, it means ForFarmers Group.
Palm oil Vegetable oil extracted from the fruit of the palm tree.
Participation account The participation in the capital of Coöperatie FromFarmers (the proprietary rights per member) registered a member which can be converted by the member into depositary receipts.
Pavo Company specialising in horse feed for both recreational and competitive horses, with branches in the Netherlands and Belgium and sales in practically all of Europe. A subsidiary of ForFarmers.
Phosphate efficiency Indicator of how efficiently a livestock farm handles phosphates.
Phosphate rights The production of phosphate by the Dutch cattle industry is restricted by phosphate rights. The Dutch Secretary of State for Economic Affairs made this decision in 2016 because phosphate production by the Dutch cattle industry in 2015 was higher than had been agreed with the sector.
Phytases Phytases are enzymes that improve phosphorus digestion in pigs and poultry.
Plant The name of a ForFarmers business unit that focuses on agriculturists, contractors and cattle farmers that produce forage.
PoultryPlus Breeding organisation for broiler chickens with sales in the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland and Austria. A subsidiary of ForFarmers.
Premixes Mixture of vitamins, (trace) minerals and additives that are added to the feed in order to meet the animal's needs.

Priority share The priority share is held by Coöperatie FromFarmers U.A. The priority shareholder has the rights as specified in the articles of association. These include the right of recommendation as part of a nomination for appointment of a certain number of members of the Supervisory Board and the designation and/or deliberation regarding the Chair of the Supervisory Board. Furthermore, certain important decisions require the approval of the priority shareholder.
Priority shareholder The priority share is held by Coöperatie FromFarmers U.A.
QS German quality system for the animal feed sector comparable to GMP+ in the Netherlands.
Rapeseed meal Rapeseed meal is a protein-rich co-product of the extraction of oil from rapeseed.
Reudink Animal feed supplier specialised in organic animal feeds, operating in the Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. A subsidiary of ForFarmers.
Roots in the top layer of soil The quantity and distribution of root growth in the top layer of soil.
Roughage+ Farming approach in which the soil, fertiliser, crop growth and management of planting and harvesting are properly synchronised with each other.
RSPO Round Table on Sustainable Palm Oil. Round Table for responsibly produced palm oil. (www.rspo.org)
RTRS Round Table Responsible Soy. Round Table for responsibly produced soy. (www.responsiblesoy.org)
Ruminants Ruminants have four stomachs. They chew the feed again in the mouth after it has been in the rumen. Examples are dairy cattle, beef cattle, goats, and sheep.
SecureFeed Organisation that guarantees the food safety of animal feeds in the Netherlands. SecureFeed develops and manages a common system for monitoring and risk assessment of raw materials and their suppliers. Dutch dairy farmers are obliged to purchase from SecureFeed members.
Seeds Seeds from cultivated crops for planting. Collective name for the entire range of seeds for grasses, grains, maize etc.
Semi-finished products Raw materials that have already been processed but need to be further processed to make a finished product.
Silage additives Additives that counteract preservation losses in silage to gain the maximum use of nutrients in the forage.
Single raw materials / straights Raw materials, including types of grain such as wheat and maize, which the farmer mixes with other feed products at the farm.
Slurry A mixture of solid and liquid manure (urine and dung) from animal origin.
Stackable co-products Co-products with a lot of moisture that are not fluid but stackable, for example potato starch.
Soybean meal Also known as 'soya meal', 'soya bean meal' or 'soybean meal'. Heat-treated product that remains after extraction of soy oil from the soy bean. Serves as protein-rich raw material for cattle feed.
Special feed Feed for animals in a specific phase of life or with specific requirements.
Statutory Board (of the Company) The executive board of the company composed of three members.

Stichting Beheer- en Administratiekantoor ForFarmers The ForFarmers Trust Office Foundation holds all shares in the capital of the Company and its purpose is, inter alia, to acquire and administrate shares for safekeeping against the granting of depositary receipts and to exercise the voting rights attached thereto and other control rights.
Stichting Continuïteit ForFarmers The ForFarmers Continuity Foundation. This Foundation was set up to safeguard the identity, strategy, independence and continuity of the company headed up by the organisation. It is fully autonomous and has a fully independent management.
Strategic partnership Close cooperation with other specialist players in the market with the goal of reinforcing each other in terms of knowledge, innovation and purchasing.
Sunflower seed meal A protein-rich co-product of the extraction of oil from sunflower seed.
Supervisory Board The Supervisory Board (the Board) is composed of six members and is tasked with the supervision of the Executive Board's strategy and of the general affairs of the company and the organisation linked to it.
TMR concept Total Mixed Ratio (TMR) is the name of a ration whereby all of the feed materials are mixed via the feed mixer wagon and provided and delivered to the cattle.
Toll manufacturing Manufacture (of feeds) for third parties based on specifications provided by these third parties.
Tools Collective name for apps, checklists, programmes, analyses, etc. that ForFarmers offers its customers in order to monitor results or to adjust and improve management.
Total Feed A ForFarmers strategy to offer livestock producers a complete package consisting of feed solutions, corresponding advice and resources in order to establish the customer's business objectives and to monitor the results thereof. The products vary from mixed feed, young animal feed and special feed to wet co-products, individual raw materials, seeds and fertiliser. The advice covers all aspects of nutrition, animal husbandry and business development relevant for the customer. The tools include programmes, products and services with which livestock producers can set goals, monitor results and benchmarks and realise their objectives.
Total Feed approach See Total Feed.
Total Feed Business See Total Feed.
Transition Approach The Transition Approach consists of practical recommendations and distinctive products for the transition period; the period around the birth proces.
UFAS Universal Feed Assurance Scheme. The AIC (Agricultural Industries Confederation) have developed a range of Trade Assurance Schemes covering areas of the agri-supply industry. UFAS deals with the production and delivery of compound feeds and the supply of feeds to farms.
VIDA Brand name for ForFarmers' feeds for piglets.
Vital A new approach by Reudink for organic cattle farmers to positively influence the feed intake and health of young animals.
Weda Holland B.V. Exclusive importer of Weda feeding systems in the Netherlands and Belgium and provider of total solutions for feed systems in the agricultural and industrial sectors. Partner of ForFarmers in the Ferment+ project.
Wellfare concept Livestock concepts with extra focus on animal welfare.
Wet co-products Liquid products derived from the manufacturing process of human food, such as whey, brewer's yeast or glucose syrup, and which are used as animal feed.
Whistle-blower policy The whistle-blower policy specifies the suspicions of wrongdoing that should be reported and to whom, as well as the procedures that apply thereto. The whistle-blower policy forms part of the Code of Conduct.